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Most of us know of someone who has been diagnosed with diabetes. It is one of the most common chronic medical conditions in the United States.
There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, known as ‘insulin-dependent,’ is the most common type diagnosed during childhood. Type 2 diabetes, known as ‘insulin-resistant’ diabetes, is most commonly diagnosed in adulthood. In cases of Type 1 diabetes, the body stops making insulin, while for type 2 diabetes, the body stops responding to insulin. Both types prevent the body from using blood sugar effectively as an energy source for organ function.
The onset of type 1 diabetes most often occurs in children ages 5-14. Diabetes has had an increased incidence around the world in recent years. It is caused by a genetic predisposition paired with environmental or autoimmune conditions. Though it is difficult to identify at-risk children, there is an increased risk of developing diabetes if positive family history is present.
Common symptoms of diabetes are weight loss and increases in thirst, appetite, and urination. The most dangerous complication for those with diabetes is known as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which can make children seriously ill. The ideal time to catch a diagnoses of diabetes is before the child exhibits symptoms of DKA paired with excessive vomiting, lethargy, and heavy breathing.
Diabetes can occur for many reasons. The child’s own body, through genetic or autoimmune means, destroys cells that make insulin. Insulin is necessary because it allows the body to use glucose, an important energy source. Not only does it help the body to use sugar as energy, but excessive sugar in the body can cause damage to the kidneys, eyes, heart, and other organs if left untreated. It is vital for children who are diagnosed with diabetes to adhere to their insulin regimen to prevent complications as they age.
Technology has helped with the management of diabetes. Now there are devices that can check blood sugar remotely and also devices that can give insulin without repeated injections. This can help parents keep closer control of diabetes, even at a distance.
Diabetes can cause numerous health problems. From thyroid imbalance and vision disturbance to celiac disease and cholesterol elevation, there are many reasons for children with diabetes to be screened for complications during their check-ups with their pediatrician.
Author: Savannah Browning
Dr. Savannah Browning grew up in Fayette, AL. She moved to Mobile to attend Medical School at the University of South Alabama in 2009, and has been a proud Mobilian ever since. She joined Children’s Medical Group in 2016, and her office is at the Airport Boulevard location. She lives in Mobile with her husband, Andrew, and their three children: Jude, Luke, and Annie.
